ppt课件-drainagesystemdesignandlayout-universityofil.pptVIP

Schematic of proposed field-scale bio-filters. The bio-filter is teed off of an existing tile. It consists of one or more cells placed below the level of the tile. The water flows up through the bio-filter and out the outlet pipes. The outlet tile is below the level of the existing tile, thus water preferentially flows through the outlet. However, if the capacity of the bio-filter is exceeded, water will flow through the existing tile. Thus the drainage effectiveness is not reduced by the addition of a bio-filter. In the systems that we have installed, the bottom of the bio-filter trench is 12 to 24 inches below the tile invert. The important thing is that the volume of the bio-filter should be enough to achieve an 8-hour retention time. * * * * High levels of variation throughout year. Managed Drainage and free drainage systems show similar response and variability. Nitrate concentrations continue to be lower on average for the managed drainage case. They can still be above the MCL. Hume 2006 Long Term Nitrate Trends: 2005 Long Term Nitrate Trends: 2008 Managed Drainage 13.1 acres 50-70 ft Spacing Free Drainage 11.3 acres 50-70 ft Spacing Kinderhook Site Nitrate-N (mg/L) System Layout for Drainage Water Management Cost Differential: $50/acre Layout Costs * * * * * * * * * While the water drains into the drain pipes, its is simultaneously discharged to the stream through a network of pipes. This section here, shows some important hydrologic processes where the drain meets the stream or the ditch. There is also a significant amount of water drained through the ditch sides through interflow process, all along the ditch. And of course the water that remains undrained, flows as surface runoff towards the streams as well. Conservation Drainage has been defined as “The incorporation of environmentally friendly practices and structures into existing drainage infrastructure.” In essence this means the optimization of drainage practices for both production and water