ppt课件-dnastructure-biologyjunction.pptVIP

* * * * {Point to the 3-D model to show the parts as you discuss them.} * * * * If you unravel all the DNA in the chromosomes of one of your cells, it would stretch out 2 meters. If you did this to the DNA in all your cells, it would stretch from here to sun more than 400 hundred times! * * * DNA DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. * Watson Crick’s Model * Why do we study DNA? We study DNA for many reasons, e.g., its central importance to all life on Earth, medical benefits such as cures for diseases, better food crops. * Chromosomes and DNA Our genes are on our chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of a chemical called DNA. * The Shape of the Molecule DNA is a very long polymer. The basic shape is like a twisted ladder or zipper. This is called a double helix. * The Double Helix Molecule The DNA double helix has two strands twisted together. * One Strand of DNA The backbone of the molecule is alternating phosphates and deoxyribose sugar The teeth are nitrogenous bases. phosphate deoxyribose bases * Nucleotides C C C O Phosphate O C C O -P O O O O -P O O O O -P O O O One deoxyribose together with its phosphate and base make a nucleotide. Nitrogenous base Deoxyribose * One Strand of DNA One strand of DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. One strand of DNA has many millions of nucleotides. nucleotide * Four nitrogenous bases Cytosine C Thymine T Adenine A Guanine G DNA has four different bases: * Two Kinds of Bases in DNA Pyrimidines are single ring bases. Purines are double ring bases. C C C C N N O N C C C C N N N N N C * Thymine and Cytosine are pyrimidines Thymine and cytosine each have one ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. C C C C N N O N cytosine C C C C N N O O thymine C * Adenine and Guanine are purines Adenine and guanine each have two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms. C C C C N N N Adenine N N C C C C C N N O N Guanine N N C