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Petroleum Sector Corruption OGMC/ PREM/ OPCS BBL Seminar Series Presenters: Charles McPherson, COCPO Stephen MacSearraigh, Consultant Discussants: Clive Armstrong, COCDR Erika Jorgensen, OPCCE Outline of Presentation “Paradox of Plenty” Ominous correlations Corruption typology Relevant actors Oil value chain Remedies and responses Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) “Paradox of Plenty” Widespread resource wealth in developing countries Potential for good has not been realised Resource rich developing countries have experienced: Low per capita growth Slow progress on human development Social and political instability and violence The Record in Oil-Rich Africa Oil-rich countries include: Nigeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, ROC, Sudan, Chad Significant resources: 4MMBD or 5% of world production High dependency:70% of government revenues Below average per capita Africa income Below average scores on infant mortality, life expectancy, literacy Instability and violence: Nigeria, Angola, Chad, Sudan, ROC… “Awash in Oil, Mired in Poverty” “Oil Fuels War and Corruption” Role of Governance Good governance is critical…. Good governance has multiple features: Clear and stable laws and regulations Rule of law High level of capacity and skills in government Fiscal monetary and budget discipline Open dialogue between government and civil society Public sector/private sector balance Transparency Control of corruption Resource-rich developing countries do not score well on governance, or corruption… Ominous Correlations:Oil and Governance Ominous Correlations:Oil and Corruption Corruption as a Development Issue Major threat to development Undermines ability of governments to function properly Distorts markets Stifles private sector Encourages non-productive activity Reduces investment, incomes and growth A Widely Recognized Challenge:Corruption Concerns in Developing Countries A Widely Recognized Challenge:International Community I