ppt课件-linearregression-mghbiostatisticscenter.pptVIP

Linear regression Brian Healy, PhD BIO203 Previous classes Hypothesis testing Parametric Nonparametric Correlation What are we doing today? Linear regression Continuous outcome with continuous, dichotomous or categorical predictor Equation: Interpretation of coefficients Connection between regression and correlation t-test ANOVA Big picture Linear regression is the most commonly used statistical technique. It allows the comparison of dichotomous, categorical and continuous predictors with a continuous outcome. Extensions of linear regression allow Dichotomous outcomes- logistic regression Survival analysis- Cox proportional hazards regression Repeated measures Amazingly, many of the analyses we have learned can be completed using linear regression Example Yesterday, we investigated the association between age and BPF using a correlation coefficient Can we fit a line to this data? Quick math review As you remember from high school math, the basic equation of a line is given by y=mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept One definition of m is that for every one unit increase in x, there is an m unit increase in y One definition of b is the value of y when x is equal to zero Picture Look at the data in this picture Does there seem to be a correlation (linear relationship) in the data? Is the data perfectly linear? Could we fit a line to this data? What is linear regression? Linear regression tries to find the best line (curve) to fit the data The method of finding the best line (curve) is least squares, which minimizes the sum of the distance from the line for each of points How do we find the best line? Let’s look at three candidate lines Which do you think is the best? What is a way to determine the best line to use? Residuals The actual observations, yi, may be slightly off the population line because of variability in the population. The equation is yi = b0 + b1xi + ei, where ei is the deviation from the population line (See picture). This is ca