lesson one charleston, s c– from imageto map（第一课查尔斯顿,s c -从imageto地图）（9页）.docVIP

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lesson one charleston, s c– from imageto map（第一课查尔斯顿,s c -从imageto地图）（9页）.doc

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A STUDENT’S VIEW OF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST FROM SPACE -Lessons- BACKGROUND: Coastal Zone: The word coast is used to designate the entire region of the land next to the ocean. It usually takes many shapes and forms including bays, tidal flats, marshes, and beaches. The rise and fall of the tides affect this area. Many marine organisms spend a majority of their lives in the coastal zone. The organisms that inhabit this zone are benthic, neritic or even planktonic in nature. Usually coastal zones are well developed and are often over crowded especially during the summer months. The coastal zone is greatly affected by pollution and municipal dumping. Beaches. A beach is a deposit of wave-washed sediment along the coast between the landward limit of wave action and the outermost breakers. The intertidal zone or littoral zone is the area between high and low tide along the shoreline. Sand, which is commonly the sediment size that comprises most beaches, is usually not consolidated or cemented together. The sediment or sand-sized material is transported or moved by waves or breakers and longshore currents along the beach. Some beaches are made of cobble while others are made of silt and clay. The beaches on the southern and central coast of Florida are primarily composed of carbonates. . In Hawaii, a few of the beaches have black sand-sized sediment, which is a result of the erosion of lava, which is rich in ferro-magnesium minerals which was extruded from volcanoes. Although humans know this area as a great place to lie out in the sun or play in the ocean, beaches are very dynamic areas. They constantly undergo deposition and erosion of material by ocean currents and by the wind. Humans also have a strong impact on the structure of a beach. Erosion from both natural and human causes has prompted extensive efforts to preserve their beauty and cleanliness. The beach is a dynamic feature that is constantly changing its overall shape and form. One way in