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n i w areportsedimentsfirstdraft- joshedits- mf e（n我w areportsedimentsfirstdraft - joshedits mf e）（54页）.doc

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Environmental risk assessment of discharges of sediment during prospecting and exploration for seabed minerals Prepared for Ministry for the Environment January 2014 Authors/Contributors: Alison MacDiarmid, Rachel Boschen, David Bowden, Malcolm Clark, Mark Hadfield, Geoffroy Lamarche, Scott Nodder, Matt Pinkerton and David Thompson For any information regarding this report please contact: Alison MacDiarmid Principal Scientist Marine Ecology +64-4-386 0300 alison.macdiarmid@niwa.co.nz National Institute of Water Atmospheric Research Ltd301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta PointWellington 6021Private Bag 14901, KilbirnieWellington 6241New ZealandPhone +64-4-386 0300Fax +64-4-386 0574 NIWA Client Report No: WLG2013-66 Report date: January 2014 NIWA Project: MFE14301 CR182 Published February, 2014. Contents Executive summary 5 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Background 7 1.2 Objectives 7 1.3 Approach 7 2 Methods 8 2.1 Risk assessment methodology 8 3 Results 10 3.1 Scale of discharges assessed 10 3.2 Iron sands 17 3.3 Phosphorite Nodules 26 3.4 Seafloor massive Sulphides (SMS) 36 4 Summary and Conclusions 43 5 Acknowledgements 46 6 References 46 7 Appendix A: Panellists and areas of expertise 53 Tables Table 2-1: Consequence levels for the intensity of the activity. 9 Table 2-2: Confidence rating, score and description. 10 Table 3-1: Scales of prospecting and exploration phase mining activities. 14 Table 3-2: Composition of three seafloor mineral deposits in the New Zealand EEZ. 16 Table 3-3: Expert panel assessment: iron sands. 24 Table 3-4: Expert panel assessment: Phosphorite nodules. 34 Table 3-5: Expert panel assessment: Seafloor Massive Sulphides. 41 Table 41: Levels of sediment discharge when consequences become moderate or greater for five ecosystem components. 45 Figures Figure 31: Equipment used to sample the seabed. 12 Figure 32: Bulk sampling of phosphorite nodule bearing sediments on the Chatham Rise. 13 Figure 33: Example of sub-sea e