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l i f e s c i e n c e c e l l s- macomb intermediate school district（l我f e s c e n c e c e l l s -麦库姆中间学区）.doc

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LIFE SCIENCE: CELLS Katherine Esau (1898 - ) EXPERT PLANT VIRUS RESEARCHER Katherine Esau was born and raised in what was formerly known as Russia, or the U.S.S.R. It was here that she was educated through her first year of college. Then the Esau family migrated to Germany where she completed her undergraduate college degree. In 1922, she and her family migrated a second time to the United States of America. Some time later, Katherine Esau began graduate studies at the University of California (U.C.) in the field of botany. She completed her Ph.D. in 1931 and taught at U.C. Davis until 1963, when she transferred to U.C. Santa Barbara. But, most of Dr. Esau’s research, dealing with effects of viral infection of plants, was performed at the Experiment Station of the Agriculture Department on the Davis campus. In order to conduct these kinds of studies, Dr. Esau had to first study normal plants in order to understand the kinds of changes which occurred once plants became infected with a virus. Through this work, Dr. Esau became an authority on the structure and development of the phloem (plant tissue responsible for transporting food from the leaves to the rest of the plant). In researching the effects of viruses on plants, Dr. Esau realized that she had to understand plant cell development – how cells differentiate and become specialized to carry out a particular function or process in the life of the plant. Differentiation cay be complicated, but it basically means trying to understand why one plant cell will develop to take part in one life process such as water storage, while another will develop to take part in one life process such as water storage, while another will develop to take part in a totally different life process such as transporting foodstuffs. This kind of reasoning and study is called ontology. Dr. Esau’s work contributed a great deal to our knowledge of the ontology of plants. She also realized that, in order to study pl