ppt课件-basic control charts（基本控制图）.pptVIP

IENG 486: Statistical Quality Process Control IENG 486: Statistical Quality Process Control (c) 2002 - 2009, D.H. Jensen R. C. Wurl IENG 486 - Lecture 12 Basic Control Charts Assignment: Reading: CH5: 5.3 (already read 5.1-5.2 5.4) Start on CH6: all except 6.3.2 6.4 Homework 4: Textbook Problems CH5: 9, 11, 13, 23, 24 General Model:Shewhart Control Chart Suppose x is some quality characteristic, and w is a sample statistic of x. Suppose mean of w is μw and std dev of w is σw, then: UCL = μw + Lσw CL = μw UCL = μw – Lσw where L is the “distance” of the control limits from the center line, and expressed in multiples (units) of the standard deviation of the statistic, i.e. sw. This type of chart is called a Shewhart Control Chart Rational Subgroups Subgroups/Samples should be selected so that if assignable causes are present: Chance for differences between samples is maximized Chance for differences within a sample is minimized Use consecutive units of production Keep sample size small so that: New events won’t occur during sampling Inspection is not too expensive But size is large enough that x is normally distributed Symptoms of Two Common Sampling Mistakes Data points hug centerline – Stratification indicating sample averages are not normally distributed Data points hug control limits – Mixing indicating sample averages are not normally distributed  Stratification – Sample Averages Hug Centerline Quality Characteristic: Amount of liquid filled into a container. Machine: 4 heads fill 4 containers simultaneously. Each head has a slightly different mean Sample: select 4 bottles, 1 bottle ea. from heads 1, 2, 3, and 4 Symptom: data points hug centerline indicating sample averages are not normally distributed  Stratification – Why Does It Happen? Each head has a different mean. Why do points hug centerline? Ans: Estimate of s is wrong So … the Control Charts limits are too wide And … the data points hug