ppt课件-cognitive strategiesand study skills- winthrop university（认知strategiesand -温斯洛普大学学习技能）.pptVIP

Adolescence and Cognitive Strategies Cognitive Principles Learning Strategy Instruction Self-regulated Learning Study Skills memory and test-taking Notetaking Transition Cognitive Principles Metacognition awareness and control of our own thinking and learning Metamemory (how we control our memory) awareness of memory strategies as well as the ability to use and monitor strategies to aid memory short-term memory -store and retain up to 20 seconds passive storage sensory register-holds material for a few seconds (input) working memory- active storage for mental calculations Stimuli Sensory Register STM Working Memory LTM Aiding Long-term Memory LTM- Permanent storage of unlimited information Episodic memory- visual personal experiences Semantic memory- facts, concepts and generalizations. Retrieval aided by visual or verbal associations Multiple Rehearsal or repetition- easy but often inefficient Elaboration- meaningful enhancements, additions, or why questions are much more efficient. Capacity of working memory is determined by one’s basic skills. Learning Strategies features Features Content Design Usefulness lead to a specific outcome; sequenced in an efficient manner; cues students to metacognition; cues student to appropriate skills; requires only limited time use a remembering system; simple and brief wording; action words; seven or fewer steps; uses words familiar to students addresses a common but important problem; addresses frequently encountered demands; can be applied across settings, situations and contexts For more information go to /learningtoolbox/ Stages of Implementing a StrategyDeshler, Ellis, and Lenz Pretest and make commitment Describe the strategy Model the strategy Student describes and rehearses verbally Controlled practice and feedback Practice real demands in safe environment Commit to generalization Generalization with outside feedback Self-regulated learning Students with disabilities typically have difficulty with self-regu