ppt课件-conceptsin animal welfare（conceptsin动物福利）.pptVIP

* We shall finish this lecture by considering how to improve the welfare of animals used in entertainment. Legislation seems essential: to license premises where animals are kept and used. Such licensing is in place in many jurisdictions in regard to wild animals, but is often not used for more long-standing use of domesticated animals – such as racehorse stables to prohibit some practices such as killing and – depending on the public ethic – use of animals in circuses. For example, Pakistan’s Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1890) in principle prohibits bear baiting. However, effective legislation requires many factors to be correct, from the wording to the resources in place for enforcement, to independence of the enforcement body, to penalties that are strong enough to deter people from breaking the law. Bear baiting is still practised in Pakistan despite a long standing piece of legislation. The many challenges to useful animal protection legislation are covered in detail in Module 5. * Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can also help to improve the care of animals used in entertainment in the following ways: they can support or start boycotts of circuses or zoos (although these are often ineffective) they can campaign and lobby to raise public and political awareness of issues through education, NGOs can allow people to make informed judgments on issues, and relate their local experience to global standards they can promote the allocation of resources to maintain effective policing of existing legislation, and the creation of new laws. * You now have an overview of the ethical and other animal welfare concerns in the use of animals for different types of entertainment, and some understanding of why those concerns may or may not be widely shared. The main points are: that our use of animals for entertainment often denies or restricts fulfilment of their basic needs some uses are predicated on killing the animals some wild species are not suited to