ppt课件-dataassimilationandtheuseofsatelliteobservations.pptVIP

Coverage IR AIRS, METOP, N-17, GOES-11/12 Coverage – Microwave AMSU-A AQUA,N-15,-16,-18, METOP Coverage – Microwave AMSU-B/MHSN-15,-16,-17,-18,METOP Atmospheric analysis problem (theoretical) J = Jb + Jo + Jc J = (x-xb)TBx-1(x-xb) + (K(x)-O)T(E+F)-1(K(x)-O) + JC J = Fit to background + Fit to observations + constraints x = Analysis xb = Background Bx = Background error covariance K = Forward model (nonlinear) O = Observations E+F = R = Instrument error + Representativeness error JC = Constraint term Note! I will be talking about satellite radiances today. But everything I say today applies with other data sources. The problems may be different, but the problems of similar complexity exist with almost every data set. Operational radiance data requirements Requirements for operational use of observations Available in real time in acceptable format Assurance of stable data source Quality control procedures defined (conservative) Observational errors defined (and bias removed if necessary) Accurate forward model (and adjoint) available Integration into data monitoring Evaluation and testing to ensure neutral/positive impact Data available in real time in acceptable format Data formats WMO acceptable formats – BUFR – CREX (not really relevant) – used by most NWP centers Almost every satellite program uses a different format Significant time and resources used understanding/converting/developing formats If data is not available in time for use in data assimilation system – not useful GFS analysis/forecast cycle Any data not available by Cut-off will not be used Later catch up cycle at +6:00 Rawinsonde Delivery POES Data Delivery Satellite data delivery Satellite data must wait until ground station within sight to download Conflicts between satellites Blind orbits Proposed NPOESS ground system (METOP currently left out) SafetyNet is a system of 15 globally distributed receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber, it enables low data latency and hig