ppt课件-earthquakes- m a i s d blogs（地震- m我s d博客）.pptVIP

Earthquakes Ch.6 Faults Pg. 86 Faults shift due to stress from surrounding rock. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Earthquakes – vibrations of the earth’s crust -caused by the shift in a rock because of stress in along a fault Locked - Friction holds the fault together for awhile 1. Elastic rebound theory 2. Major Eathquake zones Elastic rebound theory The rock under stress springs back to its original shape after separating at weakest point of the fault The rocks on each side of a fault are moving slowly. Stress builds until the rocks fracture at the weakest point. Which causes the rocks to break and spring back to their original position. If the rocks are “locked” stressed builds. Seismic waves – energy released in vibrations as rocks slip into new positions causing the ground to shake. Aftershocks – small tremors Focus – area of slippage first (shallow underground) within 4 miles Epicenter point on the surface above the focus Lots of Energy and damage to surface with shallow focus Aftershocks p.1 After the initial breakage of rock causing an earthquake, other areas around it give off smaller waves called aftershocks. Focus of an Earthquake p.2 The area along a fault where the slippage first occurred. Epicenter p.2 The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus. Focus Depths p. 2 90 % of all earthquakes happen near the surface. Less than 70 km down. Why do you think this is? Answer The deeper you go down in the earth the hotter it is. Making the rock like playdough. They mush together a faults and don’t snap causing vibrations. Major Earthquake zones Pacific Ring of Fire Midocean ridge Eurasian-Melanesian belt Fault zones Earthquake zones Major Earthquake Zones p.3 1. Pacific Ring of fire - see page 101 - plates are subducted – causing stress resulting in earthquakes. 2. Along mid-ocean ridges - divergent plates push outwards and creates stress. 3. Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt - Convergent plates – th