ppt课件-electric current- cedarville university（电流-斯德维尔大学）.pptVIP

Electric Current Current Rate at which charge flows through a surface. Ex. If the charge on a capacitor changes by the function Q(t)=6(1-e-0.1t), what is the charge on the capacitor and current leaving the capacitor at t = 5s? Units - Ampere (A) Drift Velocity Factors that affect current flow n depends on density of material and number of free electrons/atom. In a typical conductor drift velocity is ~0.25 mm/s. How does electrical devices respond so quickly? n – carriers/volume q – charge/carrier A·vd = ADL/Dt– volume/time Ohm’s Law Current Density is the amount of current per unit area. Ohm’s Law - The ratio of current density and electric field are constant. s - conductivity 250 W 12 V I Battery Resistor e- e- e- e- e- e- A Resistance The common form of Ohm’s law is Resistance must then be related to length, area, and conductivity. Units - Ohm’s (W) r - resistivity Temperature Dependence T0 = 20 °C Resistors Ex. What is the resistance of a cylindrical rod of carbon that is 2.0 cm long and has a radius of 0.50 mm? If 25 volts is applied across this resistor, how much current will flow? What is the resistance at 40 °C? Color Code Resistors have four color bands setting its value. 1st 2nd × 103rd ± tolerance Ex. What is the value of the resistor? Power Power is energy used per time. How much power is used by a 0.89 W resistor when 25 volts is applied over it? Defibrillator From the diagram can the current, voltage, resistance and power be calculated? Semiconductors Silicon and Germanium have 4 valence electrons and form 4 covalent bonds with its neighbors giving a neutral crystal structure. Doping – Using atoms with a valence of 3 or 5 give a deficit or surplus of electrons in the crystal structure. Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si P Si Si Si Si Si B Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si N-type (extra e-) P-type (missing e-) Un-doped r =23 W m r 0.1 W m r 0.1 W m PN Junctions Near the junction excess e- from N-type diffuse to places of missing e- in P-type