ppt课件-e g1104 earth systems- u k s c i e n c e（e g1104地球系统- u k s c我e n c e）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-e g1104 earth systems- u k s c i e n c e（e g1104地球系统- u k s c我e n c e）.ppt

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EG1204: Earth Systems: an introduction Meteorology and Climate Lecture 6 The oceans and winds Topics we will cover Ocean structure and circulation Sea surface temperatures (and ENSO) Salinity Global winds Local winds Assignment 2 tips Ocean structure and circulation At the ocean surface, winds produce a thermally mixed surface layer averaging a few tens of metres deep poleward of latitude 60o, 400 m at latitude 40o and 100-200 m at the equator Ocean structure and circulation Below the (relatively) warm, thermally mixed layer is the thermocline The thermocline is a layer in which (vertically) temperature decreases and density increases The thermocline layer exhibits a stable stratification which tends to inhibit vertical mixing and and acts as a barrier to warmer water above and colder water below Ocean structure and circulation The ocean currents of the world are thought to move in accordance with a conveyor belt paradigm This deep ocean thermohaline circulation system has been accepted theory for some time The theory has recently come under close scrutiny - and may soon be revised (see Wunsch (2000) NATURE 405 (6788): 743-744 JUN 15 2000) Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were first mapped by Alexander von Humboldt in 1817 SSTs vary from about -1.9oC at the poles to over 30oC in the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea in july. Differences in temperature between oceans near the coast and areas inland lead to the creation of coastal breezes Sea surface temperature Isotherms of SST generally change as a function of latitude - although variations occur at coasts where the isotherms bend poleward on East coasts and equatorward on West coasts Changes in SST greatly influence pressure, evaporation and hence wind and rainfall patterns Sometimes relationships between SST patterns and pressure/precipitation anomalies occur over a great distance from each other and are called teleconnections Sea surface temperature The most well known SST anomaly is ENSO No