ppt课件-diffusion-tensorimaginginaginganddementia- brown c s（diffusion-tensorimaginginaginganddementia -布朗c s）.pptVIP

Diffusion-Tensor Imaging: Executive Function in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Stephen Correia, Ph.D. Dementia Research Fellow, Neuropsychology Diffusion-Tensor Imaging MRI technique for in-vivo characterization of 3D white matter microstructure. Measures magnitude and direction of water diffusion in biological tissue in 3D. More sensitive to white matter changes than conventional MRI sequences. DTI Basics – Water Diffusion DTI Scalar Parameters Trace: The magnitude of diffusion in a voxel. Fractional Anisotropy (FA): The extent to which diffusion is directionally restricted. DTI Scalar Maps DTI Basics – White Matter Integrity Lesioned white matter: Increased diffusion (increased Trace) Decreased anisotropy (decreased FA) Etiology of DTI changes unclear Axon loss membrane breakdown Demyelination Gliosis/inflammation Why study frontal systems in SIVD MCI? Frontal-subcortical circuit disruption in SIVD Executive and behavioral impairment Functional decline and dementia. Executive impairment in MCI (CDR=0.5) may hasten conversion to dementia. Use DTI and cognitive testing as independent probes of frontal systems integrity and function to identify a subset of SIVD and MCI patients at greater risk for conversion to dementia. Patient Groups Patient Groups CADASIL: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarction and leukoencephalopathy. Inherited form of SIVD. Effect on brain parenchyma same as in SIVD. Relatively pure form of SIVD, excellent model. MCI Petersen criteria for amnestic MCI Normal controls Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease (SIVD) Impact of SIVD Mental flexibility Speed of processing Complex attention Executive functioning working memory Apathy Prior Studies of DTI DTI in Aging: Anterior – posterior gradient of DTI changes. (e.g., Pfefferbaum, 2000) Correlations w/executive function. (e.g.; O’Sullivan, 2001, Madden 2004) DTI in SIVD: DTI abnormalities in normal appearing white mat