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ppt课件-e n e r g y, h e a t a n d t e m p e r a t u r e（e n e r g y,h e t n d t e m p e t u r e）.ppt

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(c) Vicki Drake, SMC ENERGY, HEAT AND TEMPERATURE ENERGY The ability or capacity to perform work on some form of matter Matter is any substance that takes up space and has mass Earth’s atmosphere is considered ‘matter’ – all the gas molecules and particulates Energy may be considered as either Kinetic or Potential Source of Energy for Earth: Sun Lecture will describe how the Sun’s energy works on Earth’s atmosphere Potential Energy Stored Energy: Value of potential energy (PE) determined by work capability Total amount of stored energy due to position Potential energy examples: A battery Water behind a dam Any object lifted against pull of gravity Kinetic Energy Energy in motion Value of Kinetic Energy (KE) is determined by the speed and mass of object Examples of atmospheric KE Heat energy Solar energy Light energy Electrical energy Internal Energy Internal Energy is the stored PE and KE of atoms and molecules in any kind of matter or substance In theory: PE = KE The energy associated with random, disordered motion of molecules 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Newton) Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form (i.e., converted to another type of energy). Energy is a constant in the universe Conversion of Energy examples: Heater/Furnace: Chemical → Heat Automobile Engine: Chemical → Mechanical Nuclear: Heat → Kinetic → Optical Battery: Chemical Sound or Mechanical or Optical or… Temperature: Measuring Energy Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of atoms/molecules in a substance Temperature is measured using a Thermometer A thermometer measures the temperature of a system in a quantitative way. ‘Mercury-in-glass’ type has a bulb filled with mercury that expands into a capillary when warmed. Rate of expansion calibrated on glass scale Thermometer Scales: Interpreting Energy Fahrenheit: developed by Gabriel Fahrenheit in the 1700s. Boiling point of water: 2120 Freezing point of water: 320 Celsius