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ppt课件-m a e3130 fluid mechanics lecture4 bernoulli equation（m lecture4 e3130流体力学伯努利方程）.ppt

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MAE 3130: Fluid MechanicsLecture 4: Bernoulli EquationSpring 2003 Dr. Jason Roney Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Outline Introduction Newton’s Second Law Along a Streamline Normal to a Streamline Physical Interpretation Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure Use of the Bernoulli Equation Examples * Bernoulli’s Equation: Introduction Acceleration of Fluid Particles give Fluid Dynamics Newton’s Second Law is the Governing Equation Applied to an Idealized Flow and Assumes Inviscid Flow There are numerous assumptions “Most Used and Abused Equation” Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) Swiss mathematician, son of Johann Bernoulli, who showed that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases, a statement known as the Bernoulli principle. He won the annual prize of the French Academy ten times for work on vibrating strings, ocean tides, and the kinetic theory of gases. For one of these victories, he was ejected from his jealous fathers house, as his father had also submitted an entry for the prize. His kinetic theory proposed that the properties of a gas could be explained by the motions of its particles. The Bernoulli Equation is Listed in Michael Guillens book Five Equations that Changed the World: The Power and Poetry of Mathematics Newton’s Second Law: Fluid Dynamics Possible Forces: Body Forces and Surface Forces Body Forces: Gravity, Magnetic Fields, etc. Surface Forces: Pressure and Shear Stresses If a flow is inviscid, it has zero viscosity, and likewise no thermal conductivity or heat transfer. In practice, there are no inviscid fluids, since all fluids support shear. In some flows, the viscous effect is very small, confined to a thin layer. F are the forces acting on the fluid particle, m is the mass of a fluid particle, and a is the acceleration of the fluid particle Consider Inviscid Flow: Water flows can be of either type, a lot of gases have situation where viscosity is negligible Newton’s Second Law: Fluid Dynamics Thu