ppt课件-machinesthat think electronic computers（machinesthat认为电子计算机）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-machinesthat think electronic computers（machinesthat认为电子计算机）.ppt

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Machines that Think?Electronic Computers Sketch 23 Presented By: Peter Haagenson The Beginning Centuries ago the first attempts were made to attempt to streamline calculations by using some kind of mechanical device. About 5000 years ago, the Oriental abacus, was the first known calculating device. The Oriental abacus was a calculating device of beads and rods. The abacus was used by merchants who needed ways to keep track of what they bought and sold. However, the abacus was still not mechanical. The person operating the abacus still had to do the calculations in their head. Napier’s Bones 1617- John Napier used a set of logarithms along with movable sticks numbered so that when slid together correctly, multiplication was done automatically! The chart could multiply any numbers from 2-9! The Pascaline Between 1642 and 1652, Blaise Pascal designed an adding and subtracting machine called the Pascaline. The machine works somewhat like a car’s odometer. Uses base-ten system Used dials numbered 0 through 9 One full revolution on one dial would automatically move the next dial to the next number. Pascaline Demonstration The Difference Engine Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822. Built to generate accurate logarithmic and astronomical tables. Also used for navigation Became obsolete when Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a loom that was guided by cards with holes punched in them. The Analytical Engine Also designed by Babbage Made calculations by accepting data from punched cards. The engine was run with the same technology that was used to run locomotives… steam! Led to the writing of the first significant computer program. The program was a “loop” and was used for repeating steps automatically. Boolean Algebra Invented in the mid-1800s by George Boole. Boole thought that his findings would never have any practical application. Set of algebraic rules in which 0 and 1 are equated to TRUE and FALSE. Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT, NAND(not And), NOR(not or), and XOR