ppt课件-summaryof metabolism- universityof nevada, reno（位的新陈代谢,内华达大学里诺）.pptVIP

Summary of Metabolism Basic Strategies of Catabolic Metabolism Generate ATP Generate reducing power Generate building blocks for biosynthesis ATP Universal currency of energy High phosphoryl-transfer potential ATP hydrolysis drives reactions by changing the equilibrium of coupled reactions by a factor of 108 Generated from the oxidation of fuel molecules Metabolic Specialization of Organs Adipose Tissue Enormous stores of Triacyglycerol Fatty acids imported into adipocytes from chyromicrons and VLDLs as free fatty acids Once in the cell they are esterified to glycerol backbone. Glucagon/epinephrine stimulate reverse process Starvation Fuels change from glucose to fatty acids to ketone bodies * Reducing Power Oxidation of fuel molecules generates NADH for mitochondrial ETC NADPH is generated for reducing power for biosynthetic processes Pentose phosphate pathway is the major source of NADPH Biomolecules Large number of diverse macromolecules are synthesized from a small number of building blocks. Carbon skeletons from generated from the oxidation of macromolecules provide the building blocks for biosynthetic pathways. Central metabolic pathways have anabolic as well as catabolic roles. Relationships between catabolic and anabolic processes The pathway leading to the biosynthesis of a compound are distinct from the pathway leading to its breakdown This separation ensure that the processes are thermodynamically favorable in both directions Allows for reciprocal regulation Themes in Metabolic Regulation Allosteric regulation Covalent modification Control of enzyme levels Compartmentalization Metabolic specilaization of organs Allosteric regulation Typically associated with enzymes that catalyze irreversible reactions Allosteric regulators can cause feed back or feedforward regualtion Allosteric regulators are often related to the energy state of the cell This type of regulation allows for immediate response to changes in metabolic flux (milliseconds to seconds)