ppt课件-t d s, specific conductance,and gassesin water（t d s、电导率和gassesin水）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-t d s, specific conductance,and gassesin water（t d s、电导率和gassesin水）.ppt

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Henry’s Law The concentration of dissolved gas in solution depends on the partial pressure. The partial pressure determines the number of “collisions” of gas moleculeswith the surface of the water. An increase in partial pressure results in more collisions and therefore, more gasgoes into solution (oxygen). ρ = Kc c ρ = partial pressure of the gas in mmHg c concentration of gas in mmoles, mL, or mg/L at a constant temp. Kc the solubility factor, different for each gas There is a direct, linear relationship between the partial pressure and the concentration of gas in solution. For example, if the partial pressure is increased by 1/4, the concentration of gas in solution is increased by 1/4 and so on. This is because the number of collisions of gas molecules on the surface of the water is directly proportional to increases or decreases in partial pressure. What affects atmospheric pressure and therefore, the solubility of oxygen in water? In most situations, knowing % saturation of dissolved oxygen is more important, biologically, than knowing mg/L or ppm. % Saturation = (DO mg per L/ Saturation Level) x 100 Factors Affecting Dissolved Oxygen Sources Turbulence, atmospheric, photosynthesis Sinks Suspended sediment, increased heat, respiration (algae and bacteria), excess nutrients, organic waste. Stream Impairment due to Excessive Organic Loading Domestic sewage contains about 300 to 400 mg/L of organic compounds, 60% of which is readily degradable by bacteria commonly found in nature. Readily degradable implies that most of the material will be decomposed within about a week in a stream. As population centers grow, effluent dependence and dominance of streams will increase Roger Road WWTP Tucson Santa Cruz River Linear profile at the Santa Cruz River below RRWWTP, 06/2003 Diel profile at the Santa Cruz River below RRWWTP, 06/2003 Linear Profile from Jacks Canyon, 06/2003 Jacks Canyon diel profile, 06/2003 Measuring Oxygen Demand The biochemica