ppt课件-what forces change shape our planet（什么力量改变形状我们的星球）.pptVIP

How Do Natural Forces Change Shape Our Planet? LAYERS OF OUR PLANET PHYSICAL LAYERS LITHOSPHERE (SOLID) ASTHENOSPHERE (LIQUID) MESOSPHERE (SOLID) OUTER CORE (LIQUID) INNER CORE (SOLID) CHEMICAL LAYERS CRUST (Si + O) MANTLE (Si) CORE (Fe +Ni) WHAT IS CONTINENTAL DRIFT? ALL LANDMASSES WERE ONCE ONE LARGE SUPERCONTINENT CALLED PANGEA HYPOTHESIZED BY ALFRED WEGENER IN 1915 Pangaea began spreading 200 million years ago PROOF OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT CONTINENTS FIT LIKE PUZZLE PIECES ROCK EVIDENCE FOSSIL EVIDENCE CLIMATIC EVIDENCE WAS WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS ACCEPTED? HOW DO THE CONTINENTS MOVE? WEGENER PROPOSED THE EARTH’S ROTATION HOW COME THE OCEAN BASINS AREN’T WORN DOWN BUT THE CONTINENTS ARE? HOW IS THE SEA FLOOR SPREADING? HARRY HESS DURING WWII DISCOVERED THE CRACK IN MID ATLANTIC RIDGE IS THE PLANET GROWING? What proof is there that the sea floor is spreading? In the late 1950s, scientists mapped the present-day magnetic field generated by rocks on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The volcanic rocks which make up the sea floor have magnetization because, as they cool, magnetic minerals within the rock align to the Earths magnetic field A hypothesis was presented in 1963 by Fred Vine and Drummond Matthews to explain this pattern. They proposed that lava erupted at different times along the rift at the crest of the mid-ocean ridges preserved different magnetic anomalies. Let’s make a model! HOW PLATE TECTONICS TIES IT ALL TOGETHER Convergent Boundaries Converging Plates destroy crust During collisions between two continental plates, large mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas are formed. Volcanoes are usually formed by converging plates Diverging Boundaries Divergent boundaries create crust Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which produce rift valleys. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill. Thus creating a shield volcano which would eventu