ppt课件-a controlled experiment- new mexico instituteof mining（控制实验,新墨西哥矿业协会）.pptVIP

A Controlled Experiment Part of the scientific method Variables A factor that can change. A variable can change other factors when it changes. Examples of variables: -Temperature -Light - Open vs. Closed container -Location -Time -Elevation -Pressure Quantitative and Qualitative A Quantitative Variable is one that is measured using numbers. Examples: temperature is measured in degrees, length can be measured in centimeters. A Qualitative variable is one that can not be measured in numbers, but by its qualities. Such as bright, clear, rough, smooth, pain. Independent vs. Dependent Variables The dependent variable is a factor that changes because the independent variable changes. However the independent variable is not changed by the dependent variable. Example: Elevation and Boiling temperature of water. The boiling temperature of water changes because of changes in elevation. Changes in the boiling temperature of water do not change elevation. Graphing Variables The Independent variable is always graphed on the X axis. The dependent variable is always graphed on the Y axis. Hypothesis vs. Theory Hypothesis is a testable statement that can be proven false. Can be a prediction of an outcome Hypothesis can become a theory once it is supported by enough evidence. Theories are supported by multiple observations or experiments A theory may be proven false or modified when more data is collected Usually the lest complicated explanations Control -A variable or factor that does not change in the experiment. It remains constant. In a Controlled experiment only one variable is allowed to change at a time. Everything else remains constant. Replicates In an experiment multiple copies of the experiment are done at the same time. This is to ensure that the results are accurate (true) and not due to a mistake, error or chance event. Treatments Set of variables in the experiment that are the same in each group of replicates. 2 Treatments Cover