PowerElectronics-04.ppt

ECE 364 – Power Electronics Session 4 – Dissipation, Circuit Laws, Switching Functions P. T. Krein Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Power Electronics Some efficiency examples The reality of Kirchhoff’s Laws Implications for storage devices Implications for switch operation Switching functions Overview of devices Efficiency Examples Power electronic circuits, with switches and storage elements, are lossless in principle. We also saw that the individual devices are pushed hard to handle high power levels. But, switches and other devices are not perfect. There will be a little energy loss. We still require 100% efficiency in principle, but must accept 90%, 95%, or … Efficiency Examples The actual loss is not zero. Losses in devices (power dissipation) will cause heating. Any device has a power dissipation limit above which it can fail. Even at very high efficiency, dissipation limits can be a key factor. The hottest part will likely limit system performance. Efficiency Examples Q: (Typical example) A converter is 95% efficient, and uses six power MOSFETs as switches. The devices can safely dissipate up to 50 W each. What is the system power limit? Efficiency Examples A: The designer should make sure the dissipation is even so that no single device will limit the system. The total loss can be up to 6x50 W = 300 W. At 95% efficiency, Pout/Pin=0.95 and Pin-Pout 300 W. Result: Pout 5700 W. Efficiency Examples Q: We want a power converter to provide up to 100 kW output for an electric vehicle application. The control power is 100 W. The total dissipation in the converter must not exceed 1000 W. What converter efficiency is required? Efficiency Examples A: Since the controls already dissipate 100 W the converter hardware must not dissipate more than 900 W. This means Pin – Pout 900 W. Since Pout = 100 kW, the efficiency h = Pout/Pin must be h 99.1%. Efficiency Examples What if the effic