4- calculatethe equilibrium potentialof potassium, sodium（4 - calculatethe平衡potentialof钾、钠）.docVIP

1) Ion Channels can be activated by: Ligands Voltage Mechanic Stimuli (a), (b) are correct (a), (b), (c) are correct (e) 2) Calculate the Equilibrium Potential of Potassium, Sodium, and Chloride (separately) using the following values? What is the name and expression of the Equation used to calculate the Equilibrium Potentials? Ion Intracellular concentration (mM) Extracellular concentration (mM) Equilibrium Potential K+ 397 20 -75.3 Na+ 50 437 54.6 Ca+2 0.4 10 40 3) When recording under voltage clamp, why are the measured Na+ currents outward at the command potential of 100mV? a. At 100mV there is more Sodium inside the cell than outside. b. At 100mV Sodium ions flow out of the cell down their electrochemical gradient. c. This is an artifact caused by damage to the cell membrane when it is depolarized beyond about 80mV. d. At very strongly depolarized potentials, Sodium channels do not exhibit inactivation. (b) 4) Which ion is important for the rising phase of the action potential? Which one for the falling phase? In which direction do these ions move? Na+ moves into the cell during the rising pahse and K+ moves out during the falling phase 5) The absolute refractory period during an action potential is caused by ______ whereas the relative refractory period is due to ________. Na+ channel inactivation; increased K+ permeability relative to the resting state. 6) The concentrations of the most relevant ions in one of Aplysia’s giant neurons are approximately: Intrac. Cc mM/l Extrac. Cc mM/l K+ 280 10 Na+ 61 485 Cl-1 51 485 And the relative permeabilities of the resting membrane are: PK : PNa : PCl = 1.0 : 0.12 : 0.44 What is the value of the resting potential, as estimated using the GHK equation? The resting potential is about -43mV 7) In the circuit model of a neuron, channels are represented as conductances, the electromotive forces as batteries and the cell membrane as a capacita