organizational theory- t t u（组织理论- t t u）.docVIP

Organization Theory What makes an organization work / work well. What are the important parts and how do they relate to one another. to understand the system of roles, relationships, and mechanisms that lead to organizational outcomes Empirical Trying to describe what is Normative Trying to describe what out to be Important Terms / Concepts / Topics Empirical versus normative, Ad hoc organization Specialization, division of labor, Homogeneity of labor Hierarchy, coordination, unity of command, span of control Line versus staff Scientific management, Frederick Taylor, time and motion study, machine model Organize by purpose, process, client, place Authority: traditional, charismatic, rational-legal, Principal-Agent Problem MORE Terms / Concepts / Topics Open system, closed system, black box, feedback, organizational environment Hawthorne Experiment, Theory X and Theory Y and assumptions of each Abraham Maslow, KITA Pluralism, Iron Triangles, interest group, congressional committee, Public Choice theory Pre-Industrialization Most organizations were ad hoc Barn Raising Military Most jobs performed by single craftsmen Blacksmiths Carpenters Industrial Revolution Larger organizations Efficiency by specialization Assembly line division of labor Train unskilled (low cost) workers into a single task A. Turn spokes for wheel B. Carve rim for wheel C. Drill holes for spokes - - etc. BUT . . . . For divided labor to be efficient it must also be coordinated Can’t drill any holes if person B hasn’t made the rims yet How do you put this different pieces together to create an efficient whole? Theories of Organization I. Structural II. Systems III. Humanist IV. Pluralist And others I. Structural Approach The key is the structure of the organization The boxes on an organizational chart and how they relate to one another. The structure shapes the behavior of people in the organization The Structure is hierarchy The major goal is efficiency Hierarchy Homog