大学英语重点语法].docVIP

大学英语重点语法 第一讲　虚拟语气 虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是英语考试常考甚至必考的语法项目之一。它是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测等。它常用于以下几个方面。 1．常用于包含非真实条件句的复合句中 1.1构成： 句子类别 　动词形式 时态 If条件句 主 句 虚拟现在时 动词用过去式 (be一般都用were) Should(would, could, might)+动词原形 虚拟过去时 Had+过去分词 Should(would, could, might)+have+过去分词 虚拟将来时 Should(were to)+动词原形 Should(would, could, might)+动词原形 注：在主句中，第一人称用should(美国英语常用would)，第二、三人称常用would。 1.2用法 1.2.1表示与现在事实相反的假设 If there were no water and air, nothing could live. 假如没有水和空气，什么也不能活。 If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books.如果我懂英语，我就能读这些英语书了。 If Premier Zhou were alive today, how happy he would be!　如果周总理还活着，他会多么高兴啊！ 1.2.2表示与过去事实相反的假设 If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.如果你昨天来，你就会看到他了。 If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made this mistake.我若是听了你的劝告，就不会犯这个错误了。 If you had got his help that day, you might have succeeded in doing your experiment. 如果你那天得到他的帮助，你或许就会实验成功了。 1.2.3表示与将来实现可能性很小或不确定的假设 If I were to do the test, I would do it in a different way.如果我来做这个实验，我会用另一种方法去做。 If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you .你如果明天能来，我或许有时间见你。 If it should rain tomorrow, what would we do? 万一明天下雨，我们怎么办？ 注：假设条件句中如有had, were, 或should时，可以把had, were或should提到句首，同时省略if。如果从句中没有were, had或should，则不能这样做。 例如：1) Had he had time yesterday, he would have helped us. 假设他昨天有时间，他会帮助我们的。 2) Were I you, I would choose to study Japanese. 如果我是你，我就选择学日语。 3) Should the teacher come this evening, I should ask him some questions. 要是老师今天晚上来，我就问他几个问题。 1.2.4错综条件句 条件句和主句所表示的动作有时在时间上产生交错，在这种情况下，动词形式要根据情况进行调整。 If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. 他当时若是听了医生的话，现在就会痊愈了。 If we had controlled our population in the 1950’s, the population problem wouldn’t be so serious today. 如果我们在50年代就控制我国的人口，今天，人口问题就不会那么严重。 1.2.5有时用介词短语来代替虚拟条件句 Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.如果没有电，就不会有现代化的工业。 But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished my job in time.要不是你的帮助，我不会按照完成工作。 Under another social system, such floods wou