姿势训练优秀培训书.pptVIP

Sway back 骨盆倾斜角增大，约40°，胸椎后凸增大 导致骨盆前倾，髋关节后伸 为保持重心在正常位置，胸椎相对于腰椎屈曲 合并有伸髋肌、下腰段伸肌和上部腹肌紧张，以及屈髋肌、下腹肌和下胸段伸肌无力 脊柱后凸 常见于胸椎 常见原因：结核、脊椎压缩性骨折、强直性脊柱炎、老年性关节炎、肿瘤、脊柱前凸代偿性、先天性畸形（部分节段缺陷）、截瘫等 常见脊柱后凸有以下四种 Round back 骨盆倾斜角减小(＜30°)，胸椎后凸增大，脊柱呈长圆形 躯干呈现前屈，腰椎屈度减小 伸髋肌及躯干屈肌紧张，屈髋肌和腰段伸肌无力 Hump back 表现为胸段脊柱局部急剧向后呈角畸形 Flat back 骨盆倾斜角减小至20°，腰段脊柱生理弯曲度减小 脊柱侧凸 非结构性脊柱侧凸：常见于姿势问题、癔病、神经根受刺激、炎症、双下肢不等长代偿性等 结构性脊柱侧凸：常见于骨畸形、椎体缘或半椎体、神经肌肉性（上下运动神经原损伤）、关节挛缩。此类脊柱侧凸表现为进行性（因有骨畸形） 特发性脊柱侧凸：约占75%-85% Upper Lower cross syndrome Poor postures不良姿势 Pain, inefficient or dysfunction of movements.疼痛、运动功能障碍或效率差 Most commonly seen of the postural distortion patterns (office workers and drivers)最常见的姿势变形（司机和办公人员） Chronicholding patterns Flexion Addicts Upper Cross System (UCS) When a chain reaction evolved muscle shortening and reciprocal weakening in predictable patterns causing predictable imbalances or “syndromes” UCS Imbalances 紧张或兴奋性的肌肉：胸大肌、斜方肌上部肌纤维、肩胛提肌、胸锁乳突肌、前斜角肌、小圆肌、背阔肌、三角肌前部 肌无力或抑制：头最长肌、前锯肌、菱形肌、斜方肌中下部肌纤维、肩袖肌后部 原因：头部向前、胸骨柄下降、肩胛带前移、胸椎后凸增加、肱骨内旋 常见损伤：头痛、肩部撞击综合征、胸廓出口综合征、肩部不稳定 Changes due to Upper Cross System Occiput and C1/2 hyperextend with the head pushed forward枕骨及C1/2过伸将头推向前 Lower cervical to 4th thoracic vertebrae are stressed through posture下位颈椎到胸4被挤压 Rotation and abduction of the scapulae肩胛旋转并外展 Altered direction of the glenoid fossa肩胛盂的方向改变 Results in the need for humeral stability (increases levator and upper trap activity supraspinatus) Results of Postural Imbalance Greater cervical segment strain with possible referred pain to the chest (“trigger points”)大颈椎节段损伤可能疼痛放射到胸部 Rotator Cuff strain/tendonitis肩袖损伤 TMJ下颌关节 Lower Cross System may occur due to eye gaze In order to see straight ahead, individual must anteriorly tilt pelvis为了直视前方必须前倾骨盆而导致下交叉系统 Breathing dysfunction – reduce in diaphragmatic efficiency due to postural restriction of lower rib cage由于下胸廓限制使膈肌效率下降导致呼吸功能障碍 Lower Cross System (LCS) 紧张或兴奋性的肌肉：股直肌、髂腰肌、竖脊肌、腰方肌、阔筋膜张肌、外展肌 原因：骨盆旋前、腰椎前凸增加、屈髋、膝过伸 肌无力或抑制：腹直肌、腹斜肌、臀大肌、臀中肌、腘绳肌 原因：下腰痛、膝痛、腘绳肌拉伤 Rehabilitation P