Development of Democracy in England Mountain 英国民主的发展山.pptVIP

Democracy Develops in England Main Idea: England began to develop democratic institutions that limited the power of the monarchy. Why It Matters Now: Democratic traditions developed in England have influenced many countries, including the United States. Terms and Names: common law, Magna Carta, due process of law, Parliament, divine right, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, bill of rights I. Reforms in Medieval England Henry II: Juries and Common Law King John II – 1215 Magna Carta, nobles wanted political rights Major Issues: Taxes, due process of law 1295 – Nobles and leading citizens called in to vote on taxes (Model Parliament) – important precedent House of Lords and House of Commons Questions: Why did the nobles want King John to sign the Magna Carta? What was the Model Parliament and why was it so important? II. Parliament Grows Stronger Par. had power over $ and passed laws King James I – divine right, clashed w/ Parliament (religion, $) 1625 – son Charles I Petition of Right Parliament dismissed 1642 – English Civil War Royalists vs. Parliament Puritan Oliver Cromwell won, Charles I executed in 1649 Questions: Why did James I and Charles I need Parliament? What was each side fighting for in the English Civil War? Imagine you live in England in 1649. You have just heard that King Charles I has been executed. What does it make you think about? English Civil War: 1642 - 1651 Royalists (Supported King Charles I) vs. Parliamentarians (Leader: Oliver Cromwell) Early 1642: Royalists held western and northern England, and the Parliamentarians occupied a large area of eastern England. By 1651, after several battles, the Parliamentarians had won control of England and quashed uprisings in Scotland and Ireland. III. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy Cromwell ruled, abuse of power 1660 – Charles II takes throne (Restoration) Parliament kept powers 1685 – James II, Roman Catholic (GASP!) Parliament offered throne to Protestant daughter, Mar