汉英笔译基础教程第6章 人称与物称.pptxVIP

汉英笔译基础教程Basics of Chinese to English Translation 6.1汉语的人称倾向III6.2 英语的物称倾向6.3汉英翻译中的人称向物称的转换III第6章 人称与物称第6章 人称与物称例1.Words fail me! （什么事发生在什么人身上） 我吓得 / 惊得说不出话来！ （什么人怎么样了）例2. If the pain comes on again, give him another pill. 如果他再次感到疼痛，就给他再服一片药。以上例句分别体现了英语重物称和汉语重人称的表达习惯.6.1汉语的人称倾向主要表现在用有灵主语(animate subject)和有灵动词(animate verb)搭配。例3.该公司二季度共出口各种重型设备39台（件、套），赚取外汇总计260万美元。译文1: In the second quarter this year, the company sold 39 heavy duty equipment pieces worth a total of US $2.6 million.译文2：The export of 39 heavy-duty equipment pieces in the second quarter this year has earned the company a total of USD 2.6 million in foreign 6.1汉语的人称倾向汉语“无灵主语”与“有灵动词”搭配通常用作一种修辞手段——拟人化，如 “什么风把你吹来的”， “爱情把我们的心连在一起”， “高山低头，河水让路”。例4.北京目睹过许多伟大的历史事件。Beijing has witnessed many great historical events．例5. 星光很早以前就踏上了旅程。 The light from the stars started on its journey long long ago.6.1汉语的人称倾向在无法确定人称时，汉语就采用“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“人家”、“别人”、“众”、“我们”等泛称：例6.人们发现这小偷藏有大量赃物。 The thief was found in possession of a large quantity of stolen goods.例7.众所周知，中国人四千年前就发明了指南针。 It is well known that the Chinese invented the compass four thousand years ago. 6.1汉语的人称倾向若无法采用泛称，则采用无人称（如“无主句”）；当人称或泛称不言而喻时，又常常采用隐称——省略人称。例8.要使大多数国有大中型亏损企业摆脱困境。 We should extricate most of the unprofitable large and medium-sized State enterprises from their predicament.6.1汉语的人称倾向例9.一死了百债。(无主句) Death pays all debt．例10.大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语。 Rumors had already spread along the street. 6.2 英语的物称倾向物称表达法是英语常见的一种文风，尤其常见于书面语，如公文、新闻、科技论著以及散文、小说等文学作品。这种表达法往往使叙述显得客观、公正，结构趋于严密、紧凑，语气较为委婉、间接。例11. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。6.2 英语的物称倾向6.2.1.“无灵主语” ( Inanimate subject)和“有灵动词”(animate verb)搭配1.主语是事物的名称或抽象概念：例12.面对着满院子灿烂的花，不说一句话，心中的怨恨已全消失。The blooming flowers of the yard presenting of color before my eyes quietly dispelled all my grudges．例13.他没有遵守安全规程，使机器发生意外。 His failure to observe the safety regulations brought an accident to