新课标高考英语复习题：课时17阅读理解体裁解读4科普小品文Word版含答案.docVIP

课时17 阅读理解体裁解读4 科普小品文 Ⅰ.体裁解读——科普小品文 科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力，阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息，学会展开科技活动。科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式，偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品，会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。在科技篇章中，由于科学的严谨性，语句通常都比较严谨，表述直接明确，与其他类型篇章相比，被动语态、非谓语动词形 科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。对科技篇章，同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。 科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接， 同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。 【体裁演练】 (2015·湖北高考)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six－month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon－dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoying—thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dang