新课标高考英语复习题：课时15阅读理解体裁解读2说明文Word版含答案.docVIP

课时15 阅读理解体裁解读2 说明文 Ⅰ.体裁解读——说明文 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。复习这类文体时，同学们应注意以下几点： 主要题材： 说明顺序：时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。 说明方法：为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。 结构特点：说明文的大体结构有： 1．总体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述； 2．现象或变化＋细节或原因阐述＋引发的后果和相关启示。 语言特点：高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大，在高考阅读中多为最后一篇。 阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意： 1．注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。 2．在阅读过程中划出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词、有 【体裁演练】 (2015·福建高考) Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2，000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50－metre course.On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors lane(赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones)．All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate－covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sure—if you do