ECONOMIC IMPACTS RESULTING FROM COFIRING BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS从燃烧的生物质原料造成的经济影响.ppt

Burton English, Jamey Menard, Marie Walsh, and Kim Jensen Professor, Research Associate, Adjunct Professor, and Professor, University of Tennessee. BACKGROUND Electricity from Coal US electricity from coal-firing50% of electricity generated Southeast 60% from coal-firing (DOE/EIA, 2001) Share of air emissions from coal burning 2/3 sulfur dioxide (SO2) 1/3 carbon dioxide (CO2) 1/4 nitrogen oxide (NOx) also adds particulate matter in the air Biomass feedstocks agriculture residues dedicated energy crops forest residues urban wood wastes wood mill wastes have lower emission levels of sulfur or sulfur compounds and can potentially reduce nitrogen oxide emissions BACKGROUND Biomass crops raised for the purposes of energy production is carbon neutral With co-firing, rather than 100 percent biomass use, continuous supply of biomass is not as critical (Demirbas) Credits for offsetting SOx emissions, currently priced at $100 per ton, provide an incentive for co-firing (Comer et al.) Costs of conversion of power plants for co-firing are relatively modest, depends on % percent co-fired Power companies also have potential to obtain marketable value through offsetting CO2 for greenhouse gas mitigation. Replacing coal (a net CO2 emitter) with biomass (a net zero CO2 emitter) offers means to reduce CO2 while maintaining operational coal generating capacity (Comer et al.) BACKGROUND DOE projects that by 2025, biomass electricity production will increase from 38 billion to 78 billion kWhs Electricity from municipal solid waste, including waste combustion and landfill gas, is projected to increase from 22 billion to 34 billion kWhs Factors likely to facilitate this growth include: changing air pollution standards potential benefits to rural economies capacity pressures on solid waste facilities forest fire control policies to limit the amount of understory brush Study Area Power plants studied were associated with Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (SERC) 8