Egyptian Civilization SUNY Oneonta埃及文明纽约州立大学奥尼昂塔.pptVIP

Egyptian Civilization The Nile Dynastic Egypt Religion Writing The Nile The basic element in the lengthy history of Egyptian civilization is geography. The Nile River rises from the lakes of central Africa as the White Nile and from the mountains of Ethiopia as the Blue Nile. The White and Blue Nile meet at Khartoum and flow together northward to the Nile delta, where the 4000 mile course of this river spills into the Mediterranean Sea Farming and The Nile Less than two inches of rain per year falls in the delta and rain is relatively unknown in other parts of Egypt. Most of the land is uninhabitable. These geographical factors have determined the character of Egyptian civilization. People could farm only along the banks of the Nile, where arid sand meets the fertile soil. The river overflows its banks and floods the land with fresh water and deposits a thick layer of rich alluvial soil. The land would then yield two harvests before winter. Proto Kingdoms of Egypt Proto-Kingdoms of Upper Egypt Nagada, ca. 5500. walled town with cemetaries. capital of a major chiefdom. Hierakonpolis, ca. 5500 “City of the Falcon” city-states with royal tombs. Maadi, ca. 5650. outskirts of modern Cairo major trading center. This, ca. 5500. little is known. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt ca. 5000 B.C. Rulers of Hierakonpolis conquered the area Gradual process of Egypt formed into political and social units. Intensification of Agriculture may have been a consequence of unification. irrigation became more complex Nagada Nagada was a city in pre-dynastic Upper Egypt, representing a major culture of that time.? Nagada is usually broken up into three separate cultures: Amratian (Nagada I, 4200 - 3700 BC), Gerzean A (Nagada II, 3700 - 3250 BC), and Gerzean B (Nagada III, 3250 - 3050 BC). In 1894-1895, 28 kilometers northwest of Luxor, Flinders Petrie unearthed three cemeteries at Nagada that contained 2200 graves, the largest mortuary in pre-dynastic Egypt.? Along with the h