Embedded System Hardware cs嵌入式系统硬件政务司司长.csub.pptVIP

Reconfigurable Hardware Peter Marwedel Informatik 12 TU DortmundGermany Embedded System Hardware Embedded system hardware is frequently used in a loop(?hardware in a loop“): Target technologies Processing units Power efficiency of target technologies ASICs Processors Energy efficiency Code size efficiency and code compaction Run-time efficiency DSP processors Multimedia processors Very long instruction word (VLIW) EPIC machines MPSoCs Reconfigurable Hardware Memory Energy Efficiency of FPGAs Reconfigurable Logic Full custom chips may be too expensive, software too slow. Combine the speed of HW with the flexibility of SW HW with programmable functions and interconnect. Use of configurable hardware;common form: field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) Applications: bit-oriented algorithms like encryption, fast “object recognition“ (medical and military) Adapting mobile phones to different standards. Include programmable interconnected logic blocks Types of logic blocks Multiplexer-based Types of interconnections Anti-fuses: Isolation between conductions removed by short high-voltage peakNon-volatile, non-reversible. RAM-controlled MOS-switchesVolatile, reversible Generating a configurationExample: ISE design flow Configuring a volatile FPGA with an EPROM XILINX VIRTEX II FPGAs Virtex II Configurable Logic Block (CLB) Virtex II Slice (simplified) Virtex II (Pro) Slice 2 carry paths perCLB (Vertex II Pro) Implementing sums of products Dedicated or chain for computing sum of products Number of resourcesavailable in Virtex II Pro devices Embedded Multipliers A Virtex-II Pro multiplier block is an 18-bit by 18- signed multiplier. Interconnect Hierarchical Routing Resources Virtex II Pro Devices includeup to 4 PowerPC processor cores Summary Memory Peter Marwedel Informatik 12 TU DortmundGermany Memory For the memory, efficiency is again a concern: speed (latency and throughput); predictable timing energy efficiency size cost other attributes (volatile vs. per