EnergyEfficient Policies for Embedded Clusters嵌入式集群的节能政策.pptVIP

Evaluating a DVS Scheme for Real-Time Embedded Systems Ruibin Xu, Daniel Mossé and Rami Melhem Introduction Energy conservation is important for real-time embedded systems Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is effective in power management A popular problem: minimizing energy consumption while meeting the deadlines Focus Frame-based systems that execute variable workloads The problem becomes minimizing the expected energy consumption while meeting the deadlines A New DVS Scheme (MEEC) Task and System Model N periodic tasksT1, T2, …, TN to be executed consecutively in each frame The power function is p(f) = c0+c1f α Review of Existing Schemes The MEEC Scheme Incorporates the variability of the tasks into the speed schedule The variability of the tasks are captured by the probability density function of the workload of the tasks Aims to minimize the expected energy consumption in the system The MEEC Scheme An Important Property Computing βi Applying PACE PACE is a technique in which the execution speed is gradually increased as the task progresses The MEEC Scheme The β values (optimal) are computed based on the assumption of unrestricted continuous frequency We need to deal with: Minimum and maximum speed restriction Discrete speed We have solutions and will use simulation to test them Evaluations – Power models Synthetic processor Strictly conforms to p(f)=f3 10 frequencies: 100MHz, 200MHz,…, 1000MHz Evaluation – Synthetic Workload We simulated systems that have 5,10,15,20 tasks The WCEC of each task is randomly generated from 10M to 1G cycles The probability distribution of each task is randomly chosen from 6 representative distributions Frame length Evaluation – Synthetic Workload We evaluated 8 schemes Proportional with and without PACE Greedy with and without PACE Statistical with and without PACE MEEC with and without PACE We simulated 100,000 frames and computed the average energy consumption per frame for each scheme Results – Synthetic Workload For