BitTorrent激励机制对性能的影响分析与改进【DOC精选】.doc

BitTorrent激励机制对性能的影响分析与改进* 李治军, 姜守旭, 李晓义 （哈尔滨工业大学计算机科学与技术学院 哈尔滨 150001） 摘要 激励机制tit-for-tat和optimistic unchoking是使BitTorrent系统得以工作的一项核心机制.对于这一机制,文[7]的分析结果表明节点公平度和文件下载时间之间存在trade-offs,也即节点选择的激励策略会影响其文件下载时间,因此就有必要定量揭示激励机制对BitTorrent文件下载效率的影响.BitTorrent时常用的方法,即节点会以自身利益最大化为目标策略选择.相比抽象的公平性而言,使文件下载时间最小化才是BitTorrent节点最想达到的优化目标以文件下载时间为效用的博弈更符合实际,也更全面(分析表明本文提出的博弈蕴含了以往的以公平性为效用的博弈).为了形式的建立和分析本文提出的博弈,本文首先用马尔可夫模型定量的分析了BitTorrent激励机制对系统产生的效果;然后在此基础上用fuild模型分析了激励机制下的文件传输结构,并用概率手段揭示了在这一传输结构下最小化文件下载时间的条件;接下来在综合上述分析结果的基础上得出达到系统纳什平衡时各类节点采用的激励策略;最后本文将理论研究结果实现为一个简称为AIPS的BitTorrent自适应激励协议.模拟实验结果表明本文提出的AIPS较现有的BitTorrent激励协议能明显的提高文件共享系统性能. 激励机制，马尔可夫分析，fluid分析，纳什平衡，自适应激励 TP393.0 The Analysis and Improvement of the Incentive Mechanism in BitTorrent Li Zhijun, Jiang Shouxu, Li Xiaoyi （School of Computer Science and Technology in Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001） Abstract Incentive mechanisms, i.e. tit-for-tat and optimistic unchoking, are kernel mechanisms for the favorable operation of the BitTorrent systems. For such mechanisms, the analyses in [7] show that there is a trade-offs between the nodes’ fairness and the file download time, that is, the incentive strategies choosed by the nodes will influence the file download time. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to depict quantitatively the relationship between the file download efficiency and the incentive mechanisms for BitTorrent. On the other hand, the analyses based on the game theory are familiar in Bittorrent and the nodes in Bittorrent will adapt their incentive mechanism to maximize their utilities. However, in contrast to the abstract fairness which is the utility commonly used in nowadays games in BitTorrent, the file download time is more preferable utility for the users in BitTorrent. Therefore, the game with the “file download time” as its utility provided in this paper is more actual and more comprehensive (the results obtaind in this paper show that the game provided in this paper contains the previo