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播种机械与秸杆覆盖对玉米衰老生理及产量的影响( （ 1西北农林科技大学；中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所 杨凌 712100；2西北农林科技大学生命科学学院 杨凌 712100） 【摘要】为了针对黄土高原区农田如何高效利用自然降水的保护性耕作技术集成问题，采用田间试验在黄土高原半湿润易旱区研究了不同播种机械与秸杆覆盖对玉米花后叶片衰老及产量的影响。播种机械包括大拖拉机(东方红-75/802型)和小拖拉机(泰山-12型)，覆盖处理包括秸秆覆盖9000 kg/hm2 与不覆盖。结果表明，大拖拉机播种玉米及秸秆覆盖，可减缓玉米开花后穗位叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性降低过程及叶绿素的降解，叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量低，可延缓叶片衰老。大拖拉机播种玉米及秸秆覆盖，比不覆盖增产14.75%，比小拖拉机播种增产10.90%。研究表明采用大拖拉机播种与秸杆覆盖结合是延缓玉米叶片衰老提高玉米产量的一种有效措施。 关键词：播种机械 秸杆覆盖 玉米 衰老生理 产量 文献标识码：A Effect of Sowing Machine and Straw Mulching on Leaf Senescence Physiology and Yield of Maize in the Loess Plateau XU Fuli1 WANG Weiling2 WANG Youke1 (1 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest AF university ; Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling 712100 China 2 College of Life Science, Northwest AF university, Yangling 712100 China) Abstract Drought (water deficit) are the major constraint factors in maize(Zea mays L.) productivity in the semi-humid area of the Loess Plateau. Conservation tillage has been considered as a water-saving technique in this area. The objective of this study was to provide a technological basis for conservation tillage to efficient using rainfall in farmland in Loess plateau. Field experiments were conducted to study the variation of maize leaf senescence physiology and yield between different sowing machine, mulched and non-mulched treatments in Yangling, Shaanxi province, China. The experimental split-plot design consisted of sowing machine treatments in the main plots with straw mulching at a rate of 9000kg/hm2 and non-mulching as subplots. Sowing machine included large tractor (Dongfanghong-75/802) and small tractor (Taishan-12) . The results showed that compared with maize that sowed by the small tractor and non-mulched, large tractor and straw mulching treatment led to slow down decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), decreased the content of malondialdehyde (M