英语必修2译林牛津版U3精品学案6（Grammar1）.docVIP

英语必修2译林牛津版U3精品学案6（Grammar1） Period 6 Grammar and usage (I) Present Past Perfect tense 1.The simple past tense talks about a past action. When something happens at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tense: 1). I had cleaned the house before I built a garden on Friday. 2). When we got to the station, the train had left. 3). By the end of last year, my brother had been a soldier for 10 years. 4). Before Tony went to work, he had finished reading the novel. 5). Not until 10 years later did she know the diamond she had borrowed was just made of glass. 2. The past perfect tense used in indirect speech 1). “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter. → Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained. 2). Kate said, “I finished reading the comic book.” → Kate said that she had finished reading the comic book. 3). Jimmy said, “I went to Asia two weeks ago.” → Jimmy said that he had gone to Asia two weeks before. 4). “Did you stay up late last night?” Mr. Ben asked. → Mr. Ben asked whether I had stayed up late the night before. 3. Time expressions often used with the past perfect tense. e.g. when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already 4. The structure of the past perfect tense had done / had been done 1). I ____ already ______ Chinese for nearly 3 years before I came to this small town. (teach) 2). I __________ to come, but something happened. (mean) 3). Mess _____________ of the house before his parents came back. (make) 4). Little Tom ____________ to the hospital after Mum returned from work. (send) 一、过去完成时 过去完成时的构成 had + 动词的过去分词（V-ed） 过去完成时的用法 A. 动作在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或完成。如： By the end of last year, she had passed all the exams for a doctors licence. B. 表示从过去某一时刻一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for, since等连用。如：I had been at school for two hours when they came. He said he had lived in the city since 1960. C. hope, want, mean, plan, think, expect, suppose, 和intend等词的过去完成时可用