Unit 12 Lesson 3 Living abroad学案2 北师大版必修4.docVIP

Unit 12《Culture shock》 Lesson 3 Living abroad Grammar Present Participles （现在分词） 现在分词的形式 及物动词 (do) 不及物动词(go) 形式 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done having gone 现在分词的一般式：表示动作与句中谓语动词表示的动作同时或者几乎同时发生。 She sat there reading the book. 她坐在那儿看书。 Going into the room , he shut the door. 他走进屋子，关上了门。 现在分词的完成式：表示动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having walked for ten miles, they felt very tired. 走了十英里以后，他们感到很累。 Having finished his homework, he practised playing the violin. 完成作业以后，他开始练习拉小提琴。 现在分词的主动式：表示主动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是主谓关系。 Having lived there for many years, he told us a lot about things about the city. 在那个城市居住多年之后，他给我们讲了关于那儿的很多事情。 Hearing the sound, he ran out to see what was happening. 一听到声音，他就跑出去看发生了什么事情。 现在分词的被动式：表示被动意义，即现在分词的逻辑主语和现在分词之间是动宾关系。 Having been rebuilt, the tower looks more beautiful. 重建之后，塔看起来更美了。Having been given a piece of meat, the homeless dog walked away. 得到一块肉后，那条流浪狗走开了。 现在分词的否定式： 由not + 分词构成（注：非谓语动词的否定式一定加在整个非谓语动词之前，如：being done ( not being done； in order to do ( in order not to do 等）。 Not knowing what to do next, we asked the teacher for help. 由于不知道下一步怎么办，我们去向老师求助。 Not having received a single reply, I wrote again. 由于没有收到任何回音，我又写了一封信去。 6. 现在分词的用法：现在分词能做定语，表语，宾语补足语及状语。 The rising sun was hidden by the clouds.（定语）初升的太阳被云给遮住了。 The story sounds moving.（表语）这个故事很感人。 We heard her singing in her room.（宾语补足语）我们听到她在房间里唱歌。 Hearing a noise, they stopped talking.（时间状语）一听到动静，他们就停止了交谈。 Being ill, he didn’t come.（原因状语）他由于生病而没有来。 She sat there reading a newspaper.（伴随情况状语）她坐在那儿看报纸。 He cut off the electricity, preventing an accident.（结果状语）他切掉电源，制止了一场事故的发生。 注意：现在分词与动名词做定语时的区别： 现在分词作定语，表示所修饰名词发出的动作， 如a sleeping baby (a baby who is sleeping) 一个睡觉的婴儿、 a burning stick (a stick which is burning) 一枝燃烧的树枝、a swimming duck (a duck which is swimming) 一只游泳的鸭子。 动名词作定语，用来说明所修饰名词的功能和用途， 如 a swimming pool (a pool for swimming) 游泳池、a sleeping car (a car for sleeping) 卧车、a walking stick (a stick for walking) 拐杖。 Verbs followed by –ing form or infinit