NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY newburyparkhighschool核化学 newburyparkhighschool.net.pptVIP

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Rates of Decay Half Life Radionuclides have different stabilities and decay at different rates. Integrated Rate Equation where… A = the amt. of decaying sample remaining at some time, t Ao= the amt. of sample present at the beginning k = rate constant; different for each radionuclide t = time Integrated Rate Equation OR… where… N = # of disintegrations per unit of time; relative activity No= original activity HALF-LIFE= the amount of time required for half of the original sample to decay HALF-LIFE= the amount of time required for half of the original sample to decay HALF-LIFE Half-life = the amount of time required for half of the original sample to decay Example: Cobalt-60 decays with the emission of beta particles and gamma rays, with a half-life of 5.27 years. How much of a 3.42 ?g of cobalt-60 remains after 30.0 years? Take the ANTILOG (10x) of both sides. Example: Cobalt-60 decays with the emission of beta particles and gamma rays, with a half-life of 5.27 years. How much of a 3.42 ?g of cobalt-60 remains after 30.0 years? Uses of Radionuclides Radiocarbon dating: the ages of specimens of organic origin can be estimated by measuring the amount of cabon-14 in a sample. Example: A piece of wood taken from a cave dwelling in New Mexico is found to have a carbon-14 activity (per gram of carbon) only 0.636 times that of wood today. Estimate the age of the wood. (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.) Example: A piece of wood taken from a cave dwelling in New Mexico is found to have a carbon-14 activity (per gram of carbon) only 0.636 times that of wood today. Estimate the age of the wood. (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.) Uses of Radionuclides ***NOTE: Objects older than 50,000 years have too little activity to be dated accurately using carbon dating; instead the following methods are used: Potassium-40 decays to argon-40: half-life = 1.3 x 109 years Uranium-238 decays to lead-206: