PHILOSOPHY 100STOLZE Cerritos College100哲学99斯托尔兹喜瑞都大学.pptxVIP

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PHILOSOPHY 100STOLZE Cerritos College100哲学99斯托尔兹喜瑞都大学.pptx

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PHILOSOPHY 100STOLZE Cerritos College100哲学99斯托尔兹喜瑞都大学

PHILOSOPHY 100 (STOLZE) Notes on Victoria Harrison, Eastern Philosophy: The Basics What is “Eastern” Philosophy? Harrison stresses the wide variety of philosophies in Asia and that there is no clear geographical border dividing “West” from “East.” Her emphasis is on the classical origins of Indian and Chinese philosophies. Philosophy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon Harrison argues that philosophies have “family resemblances” just like religions or games. There are some basic philosophical questions that occur across traditions: What is the self? What is the best way to live? Where do we come from? What happens when we die? Two Categories of Indian Sacred Texts Sruti: “revealed truths” Vedas Upanishads Smrti = “memory” Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita Ramayana Astika = “affirmers” Nastika = “non-affirmers” Nyaya = the school of logic Vaisesika = the school of atomism Samkhya = the school of dualistic discriminations Yoga = the school of classical yoga Mimamsa = the school of Vedic exegesis Vedanta = the school based on the “end of the Vedas” or the Upanishads) Carvaka = the school of materialist and hedonist atheists Jaina = the school originating from the teachings of Mahavira Buddhist = the school originating from the teachings of the Buddha Nine Indian Philosophical Perspectives (Darsanas) Ignorance In Indian philosophy ignorance “is a principal source of suffering because it gives rise to the attachments that lead to rebirth” (p. 25) Chapter Two: Reality In the history of Indian Philosophy there have existed three broad approaches to ontology (the philosophical study of what exists and what is ultimately or fundamentally real): Pluralism (Nyaya/Vaisesika) = “reality is composed of an irreducible plurality of different kinds of object” Dualism (Samkhya/Yoga) = “reality is composed of two fundamentally different substances (matter and mind)” Monism (Advaita Vedanta) = “despite appearances to the contrary, at the most fundamental level only one thing is real” ?ankara