Plate Tectonics Washingtonville Central School District板块构造华盛顿维尔中心学区.pptVIP

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Plate Tectonics Washingtonville Central School District板块构造华盛顿维尔中心学区.ppt

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Plate Tectonics Washingtonville Central School District板块构造华盛顿维尔中心学区

Hot Spots are areas where intraplate volcanism occurs. where a mass of hotter than normal mantle material called a mantle plume rises toward the surface Examples: Hawaiian Islands, Yellowstone, Iceland, Canary Islands See Tectonic Plates p. 5 ESRT Hot Spot Causes of Plate Motion CONVECTION CURRENTS WITHIN THE EARTH Scientists generally agree that convection occurring in the mantle is the basic driving force for plate movement. Convective flow is the motion of matter resulting from changes in temperature Mantle Convection Mantle plumes are masses of hotter-than-normal mantle material that ascend toward the surface, where they may lead to igneous activity. The unequal distribution of heat within Earth causes the thermal convection in the mantle that ultimately drives plate motion Mantle Convection Mantle Convection Plate Tectonics What is Plate Tectonics? According to the plate tectonics theory, the uppermost mantle, along with the overlying crust, behaves as a strong, rigid layer. This layer is known as the lithosphere A plate is one of numerous rigid sections of the lithosphere that move as a unit over the material of the asthenosphere Types of Plate Boundaries ? Divergent boundaries (also called spreading centers) are the place where two plates move apart. ? Convergent boundaries form where two plates move together. ? Transform fault boundaries are margins where two plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of the lithosphere. Plate Boundaries Divergent Boundaries Oceanic Ridges and Seafloor Spreading ? Oceanic ridges are continuous elevated zones on the floor of all major ocean basins. The rifts at the crest of ridges represent divergent plate boundaries. ? Rift valleys are deep faulted structures found along the axes of divergent plate boundaries. They can develop on the seafloor or on land. ? Seafloor spreading produces new oceanic lithosphere. Spreading Center Actions at Divergent Boundaries CONTINENTAL RIFTS ? When spreadi