Political Economy of the Southern Cone Countries of 南锥体国家的政治经济.pptVIP

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Political Economy of the Southern Cone Countries of 南锥体国家的政治经济.ppt

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Political Economy of the Southern Cone Countries of 南锥体国家的政治经济

The Southern Cone Countries of South America:A Comparative Sociological Analysis Ted Goertzel Sociology Department Rutgers University, Camden NJ Andean Region There are, of course, other ways to divide up a region Bolivia, for example, could be treated as part of an Andean region with Peru and Ecuador But the five “Southern Cone” countries provide an interesting comparison. Comparative PerspectiveCulture Is “Latin America” a civilization of its own or part of Western civilization (Huntington, “Clash of Civilizations)? Portuguese versus Spanish cultural heritage Quechua and Guarani and other native American cultures especially in Bolivia and Paraguay Each country has its own “national culture” Comparative PerspectiveEconomics All are “developing nations” or part of the “South” or “Third World But the differences in levels of economic development may be greater than the similarities Recurrent conflicts between adherents of nationalist, social democratic and “neoliberal” economic models Corruption, government inefficiency and inflation are recurrent problems Comparative PerspectivePolitics All are democracies with republican constitutions All have a history of military dictatorship in recent decades Political party systems differ greatly Argentina Predominately European immigrants Was as wealthy as Canada in 1900, one third as wealthy in 1990 Statist policies and political instability inhibited growth Liberalization in the 1990s led to 2001 collapse due to corrupt leadership Bolivia Population 35% Quechua, 30% mestizo 25% Aymara 15% white Market-oriented reforms successful from 1993-1997 Economic downturn and coca eradication led to major civil disturbances in 2000 and 2002 Strong nationalist and movements opposed to export of natural gas Population is mostly mestizo, small indigenous and European groups, mostly urban Salvador Allende, first Marxist elected by popular vote in Latin America, in 1970 Repressive military government after 1973 coup d’eta