PowerPoint Presentation Parkinson’s Disease PowerPoint演示文稿帕金森病.pptVIP

PowerPoint Presentation Parkinson’s Disease PowerPoint演示文稿帕金森病.ppt

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PowerPoint Presentation Parkinson’s Disease PowerPoint演示文稿帕金森病

Parkinson’s Disease Historical Perspective First described by British doctor James Parkinson Identified its major symptoms and called it “the shaking palsy” Research progressed slowly until the 1960’s 60’s linked the disease to the loss of cells that produce dopamine Initial Symptoms First signs can be mistaken for another condition. Can be considered by the patient as a normal part of the aging process. Persistent mild fatigue Handwriting might become “shaky” Person might feel unbalanced or have difficulty performing sit-to-stands Agitation, irritability, depression Lack of affect (masked face phenom) Initial symptoms can go on for years Movement Disorders Hand tremors Typically involves a rhythmic back-and-forth motion of the thumb at 3 bpm. Most evident when the limb is at rest or under stress Patients report rigidity or resistance to movement Muscles associated with movement all have opposing muscles - when one is activated, the other is relaxed. Brain’s signals in PD patients become confused causing both sets of muscles to remain engaged and contracted. Movement Disorders cont’d Spontaneous movements can become progressively slower and may actually cease. This is known as bradykinesia Impaired balance and coordination (known as postural instability) Causes PD pt.’s to lean unnaturally backward or forward Common to see someone with head down, stooped stance Movement Disorders cont’d Become vulnerable to falls Those who tend to lean backward have to step step backward first before they begin walking (known as retropulsion) Some develop a mid-stride halting which creates a risk for falls. Most common gait characteristics are short, quick steps. Can appear as if they are scrambling forward to keep their balance. Secondary Symptoms Depression Emotional Changes (Irritable, pessimistic, fearful, become dependent or isolated) Memory Loss (slower thought processes) Swallowing Difficulties Speech Problems Bladder/Bowel Prob’s Excessive sweating Sleep Disturbance Causes

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