PowerPoint Presentation Plants and PollinatorsPowerPoint演示文稿植物与传粉者.pptVIP

Population Ecology Chapter 27 Population Ecology Certain ecological principles govern the growth and sustainability of all populations Human populations are no exception Limits to Growth A population’s growth depends on the resources of its environment Deer introduced to Angel Island Population outstripped resources Human Population Problems Over 6 billion people alive About 2 billion live in poverty Most resources are consumed by the relatively few people in developed countries Population A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area Can be described by demographics Vital statistics such as size, density, distribution, and age structure Population Age Structure Divide population into age categories Population’s reproductive base includes members of the reproductive and pre-reproductive age categories Density Distribution Number of individuals in some specified area of habitat Crude density information is more useful if combined with distribution data Determining Population Size Direct counts are most accurate but seldom feasible Can sample an area, then extrapolate Capture-recapture method is used for mobile species Capture-Recapture Method Capture, mark, and release individuals Return later and capture second sample Count the number of marked individuals and use this to estimate total population Assumptions in Capture-Recapture Marking has no effect on mortality Marking has no effect on likelihood to being captured There is no immigration or emigration between sampling times Changes in Population Size Immigration adds individuals Emigration subtracts individuals Births add individuals Deaths subtract individuals Zero Population Growth Interval in which number of births is balanced by number of deaths Assume no change as a result of migration Population size remains stable Per Capita Rates Rates per individual Total number of events in a time interval divided by the number of individuals Per capita birth rate per month = Number of