PowerPoint Presentation Medical Model of Mental PowerPoint演示文稿心理医学模式.pptVIP

Abnormal Psychology, Psychopathology Psychotherapy What should be labeled deviant? What psychiatrists, clinical psychologists or other trained professionals label deviant? (DSM-IV) Or, Only organically based behavioral disorders (Szaz). Treating Insanity Hippocrates – recognized depression and epilepsy as medical problem. Middle ages – deviant people were locked up Bedlam (Bethlehem hospital, London) Reform movement ? Pinel (1790) ? Dorothea Dix (1850) ? Medical Model (late 19th century) Trephination Exorcizing the Devil to alleviate madness An old-fashioned straight-jacket St. Mary’s of Bethlehem Hospital(“Bedlam”) Dorothea Dix  Medical Model of Mental Illness  Psychiatry an offshoot of neurology (Charcot (1860), Breuer Freud (1896), Bleuler (1911). Freud: Too little was known about the brain; opted for psychoanalysis. Classified mental illness into two major categories: neuroses and psychoses. “General paresis” discovered by Krafft-Ebbing to have a physical cause in 1905 (syphilis). Pavlov (1904). Concept of conditioning and experimental neurosis that was mediated by specific brain circuits. Reactions to the Medical Model Harry Stack Sullivan (broke with psychoanalytic tradition). Clinical (lay) psychologists allowed to treat patients with “mental” disorders. Carl Rogers, Ph.D. Published first transcript of a therapeutic session. Behavior Therapy (Wolpe, Lazarus). Began in 50’s. Cognitive Therapy (Seligman). Began in 60’s. Thomas Szaz: Mental illness should only refer to behavioral deviations that have a well defined organic basis. Other deviant behaviors the product of “problems of living”. DSM-III (1983) IV (1994) Sheldon’s Body Types Types of Personality Tests Objective MMPI (Minnesota Multi Phasic Inventory) Projective TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) Rorschach Test MMPI CATEGORIES MMPI Categories (cont’d) Interpretation of Sample MMPI Score Overly self-critical Personality disorder Poor social adjustment Unusual thinki