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Prentice Hall PoliticalScienceInteractive iwsPrentice Hall politicalscienceinteractive IWS.collin.ppt

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Prentice Hall PoliticalScienceInteractive iwsPrentice Hall politicalscienceinteractive IWS.collin

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 4: The Judiciary Pearson LongmanPoliticalScienceInteractive Shea, Green, and Smith Living Democracy, Second Edition Chapter 4: The Judiciary The Adversarial System The Adversarial System Judges serve as relatively passive and detached referees who do not argue with attorneys or challenge evidence. The Inquisitorial System Judges take an active role in discovering and evaluating evidence, will question witnesses, and will intervene as deemed necessary. Dual Court SystemSeparate systems of state and federal courts throughout the United States, each with responsibilities for its own laws and constitutions. Court Structure and Processes Trial Courts Criminal prosecutions and civil lawsuits Bench trials and jury trials Court Structure and Processes Appellate Courts Hear appeals from judicial decisions and jury verdicts in the trial courts Divided into eleven circuits Court Structure and Processes Appellate Courts Court Structure and Processes United States Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the final arbitrator for matters concerning federal laws and the U.S. Constitution. Court Structure and Processes Director of the Women’s Rights Project at the ACLU in the 1970s As a lawyer, successfully argued to the Supreme Court to broaden the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection clause to include some types of gender discrimination Pathways Profile: Ruth Bader Ginsburg The Power of American Judges “The legitimacy of the Judicial Branch ultimately depends on its reputation for impartiality and nonpartisanship.” –Late Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation Whenever there are disputes about the meaning of the words and phrases in constitutions and statutes, judges are asked to provide interpretations that will settle the disputes. What constitutes “cruel and unusual” punishment? Judicial