PowerPoint Presentation Inside the EarthPowerPoint演示文稿地球内部.pptVIP

Inside the Earth Earth’s Interior Earth’s interior is divided into layers: the crust, mantle, core, based on composition. Although the Earth’s crust seem stable, the extreme heat of the Earth’s interior causes changes that slowly reshape the surface. The Crust Outermost layer of earth made of rock that forms earth’s outer skin 5 to 100 km thick, average thickness is 35 km thinnest layer less than 1% of Earth’s mass Composition of crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium The Crust Oceanic Crust crust beneath the oceans consist mainly of dense rock (basalt - dark in color) 5-8 km thick Continental Crust crust that forms the continents consist mainly of less dense rock (granite - lighter in color) 30 km average thickness Crust to Mantle The upper part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer called the lithosphere. Lithos is greek for stone, 100 km thick made of pieces called tectonic plates Tectonic Plates The tectonic plates are pieces of the lithosphere that fit like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle and move on top of the asthenosphere May Consist of both Continental and Oceanic Crust  South American PlateEurasian PlateIndian PlateAustralian Plate Crust to Mantle The asthenosphere is a soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move asthenes is Greek for soft or weak material is like warm tar and can flow slowly The rigid crust and lithosphere float on the hot, plastic material of the asthenosphere. The Mantle layer of rock between crust and core 2900km thick, 67% of Earth’s mass Composition - silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium physical conditions in mantle change because pressure and temperature increase with depth temp ranges from 870 oC to 2,200oC Convection Currents