Reflective PracticeUsing Theory and Skill to Inform 反思性实践的理论和技能的通知.pptVIP

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Reflective PracticeUsing Theory and Skill to Inform 反思性实践的理论和技能的通知.ppt

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Reflective PracticeUsing Theory and Skill to Inform 反思性实践的理论和技能的通知

Theories of Practice:The Symbolic Frame For the greater part of the 20th century, the objectivity associated with the assumptions and concepts of scientific management have guided most inquiry into human organizations. While the human resources and political theories of practice provided a corrective to this emphasis by attending to the subjective elements of human organization... …all three theories of practice have failed to provide a comprehensive analysis identifying the specifically subjective elements of human organizations, influencing not only organizational functioning but also the people who populate organizations. The intuitive and subjective side of human organizations... The symbolic frame asserts that organizations are judged primarily on and by appearances... The concept... organizational culture: Organizational culture may be likened to a medieval tapestry... …the tapestry metaphor provides two views of organization... By means of contrast... the structural frame stresses... the human resources frame stresses... the political frame stresses... the symbolic frame stresses that... Organizational culture explores how similar organizations... The concept of organizational “culture”... adopted by organizational theorists in the 1980s from the social sciences, in particular, cultural anthropology... organizational culture is a qualitative, multi-factor variable... organizational culture represents... The management and leadership challenge... to define the organization’s culture... involves… Elements of organizational culture... organizational history history: shared values and beliefs: norms and standards: patterns of behavior: The organization’s history, shared values and beliefs, its norms and standards, as well as its shared patterns of behavior symbolize the organization’s culture... once unearthed, identified, and interpreted, managers and leaders can… but, managers and leaders first need... Organizational culture... A strong organizationa