Reforming the German welfare state改革德国福利国家.pptVIP

Describing change in labour market policy.A conditionality approach Jochen Clasen University of Edinburgh RECWOWE/ESPAnet summer school 2007 Structure Definition and boundaries of LMP Indicators of change Levels and levers of conditionality Applying the framework Some concluding remarks 1. Definitions of LMP Labour demand and labour supply Active programmes e.g. training, work experience, job search support (focus: job entry, employability) Passive benefits e.g. unbemployment benefits, early retirement, lone parent benefit (focus: temporary job exit) 1. Active or passive? wage subsidies (tax credits) vs. partial UB? e.g. combination (wage and UB) tax credits not in ALMP budget short-term working, bad weather payments leave schemes (education, child care) regular UB payments? conditional better job matching Industrial restructuring the active (productive) role of passive benefits Some training/work experience programmes 2. Describing change – indicators? 1. Social Expenditure – LMP expenditure 2. Institutional parameters 3. Social rights indicators 2. Describing change – indicators? 1. Social Expenditure – LMP expenditure - net social expenditure - adjusted expenditure (e.g. by number of unemployed) - participants in ALMP - problem of displacement (working-age benefits) 2. Describing change – indicators? 2. Institutional parameters - funding mode (tax, contributions) - responsibilities, management - benefit type (flat-rate; earnings-related) - benefit access (insurance, means-tested) 2. Describing change – indicators? 3. Social rights indicators a. replacement rates - net or gross? - UB or unemployment compensation package? - relative to which wage level? b. coverage - or recipiency rates? c. composite indicators (de-commodification) but what about social obligations? 3. Levers of conditionality Conditionality as cornerstone and basis for risk management in welfare states Three levels